You’ve probably heard about GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Zepbound in the news. These drugs are getting attention for their ability to help people lose weight, but they aren’t magic! Here’s what you should know before you start.
What Are GLP-1s?
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1. It’s a hormone your body naturally makes. GLP-1 medications help control blood sugar and make you feel full longer after eating. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, doctors found that these drugs also help with weight loss. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved three GLP-1s specifically for weight loss: Saxenda (liraglutide), Wegovy (semaglutide), and Zepbound (tirzepatide). You take most of these as a weekly injection under your skin.
Why They’re Effective
GLP-1s work by reducing your appetite and slowing digestion so you take in fewer calories (energy). “GLP-1 medications are very good at blood sugar control, so they’re exceptional for people with diabetes — and they’re also very good at causing weight loss,” says Dr. Steward Decker, a family medicine physician at Sky Lakes.
The 16–22% Weight Loss Ceiling
In clinical trials, these medications show impressive results. Semaglutide can lead to 16% average weight loss and tirzepatide may be even more effective. “If your goal weight is more than that reduction, you might not get there on the medication alone,” Dr. Decker explains.
Also, real-world results are often lower than what studies show. Many people stop taking the medications early or use lower doses, which reduces their effectiveness. Weight regain is common after you stop taking GLP-1 medications. That means you might need to take them long-term to maintain your weight loss.
Weight Doesn’t Always Correlate to Good Health
Making healthy lifestyle changes while taking these medications can help you achieve better, more lasting results. They’re not magic pills; they work best when combined with diet and exercise changes. Long-term well-being depends more on a healthy diet, regular physical activity, quality sleep, avoiding harmful substances, stress management, and social connection. “Regardless of what happens with your weight, we need to make sure those things are in place,” Dr. Decker adds.
Talk to Your Doctor
GLP-1s can be powerful tools for weight loss and blood sugar control, but they work best alongside lifestyle changes. Talk to your doctor about realistic goals, long-term use, and whether they’re right for you.
