Like all medications, GLP-1s such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Zepbound can have side effects. Some are mild, some are serious. Knowing what to expect can help you stay healthier while on treatment.
Three Levels of Side Effects
Dr. Stewart Decker, a family medicine physician at Sky Lakes, groups side effects into three categories:
- Uncomfortable Symptoms – These are the most common. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea affect up to half of users. Starting at a low dose helps. These symptoms often improve over time as your body gets used to the medication.
- Developing Risks – Problems that appear gradually, such as muscle loss (including heart muscle) if you’re not getting enough protein or exercise.
- Serious Risks – Rare but important to know before starting. GLP-1s aren’t recommended for people with a history of pancreatitis, gastroparesis, or certain rare thyroid cancers.
Protein and Exercise Are Crucial
“(You) must eat about 90 grams of protein per day and exercise at least half an hour a day,” Dr. Decker warns. Exercise and protein build muscle, whereas muscle loss can put you at greater risk for congestive heart failure or heart disease in the future. Plant-based proteins such as spinach, beans, and legumes are excellent choices.
Avoiding Gallbladder Trouble and Sagging Skin
Rapid weight loss (over 2 pounds per week) raises the risk of gallbladder disease since it can be overwhelmed by fat. Dr. Decker advises slowing the pace to reduce strain on the gallbladder and help prevent gallstones and inflammation. Losing weight too fast can also outpace your skin’s elasticity.
High-Fiber Helps
A diet rich in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains not only supports overall health but can ease stomach discomfort while on GLP-1s.
When to Call Your Doctor
Seek medical advice if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain (possible pancreatitis or gallbladder disease)
- Persistent vomiting or inability to keep fluids down
- Symptoms of slowed digestion that don’t improve
Take the Proper Steps to Stay Healthy
GLP-1 medications can be highly effective for weight loss, but side effect management is important. By pacing weight loss, eating enough protein, exercising daily, and getting plenty of fiber, you can improve your weight loss results and protect your health.
